Valproic acid

Research use only, not for human use.

A HDAC inhibitor that selectively inhibits the catalytic activity of class I HDACs, and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2.

A HDAC inhibitor that selectively inhibits the catalytic activity of class I HDACs, and induces proteasomal degradation of HDAC2; induces differentiation of carcinoma cells, transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells and leukemic blasts from AML patients; reduces tumor growth and metastasis formation in animal model.Migraine Approved(In Vitro):Valproic acid (VPA) (0-15 mM; 24 and 72 h) inhibits Hela cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner.Valproic acid (10 mM; 24 h) significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs.Valproic acid (0-15 mM; 24 h) induces a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM and a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells. Valproic acid also induces necrosis, apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.Valproic acid (0-20 mM; 24 h) activates Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription and synergizes with lithium.Valproic acid (0-5 mM; 0-18 h) increases β-catenin levels in Neuro2A cells.Valproic acid (0-2 mM; 0-24 h) stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in hepatocytes.Valproic acid (0-10 mM; 2 days) induces Notch1 signaling and morphologic differentiation, suppresses production of NE tumor markers in SCLC cells.(In Vivo):Valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 12 days) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells.Valproic acid (350 mg/kg; i.p.; once) enhances social behavior in rats.Valproic acid (0.26% (w/v); p.o. via drinking water; 14 days) decreases liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum glucose in obese mice without hepatotoxicity.

Valproic acid (VPA) (0-15 mM; 24 and 72 h) inhibits Hela cell growth in a dose- and time- dependent manner.Valproic acid (10 mM; 24 h) significantly attenuates the activities of total, cytosol and nuclear HDACs.Valproic acid (0-15 mM; 24 h) induces a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM and a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increases the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells. Valproic acid also induces necrosis, apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.Valproic acid (0-20 mM; 24 h) activates Tcf/Lef-dependent transcription and synergizes with lithium.Valproic acid (0-5 mM; 0-18 h) increases β-catenin levels in Neuro2A cells.Valproic acid (0-2 mM; 0-24 h) stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC in hepatocytes.Valproic acid (0-10 mM; 2 days) induces Notch1 signaling and morphologic differentiation, suppresses production of NE tumor markers in SCLC cells. Cell Viability Assay Cell Line:HeLa cells Concentration:0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM Incubation Time:24 and 72 h Result:HeLa cell growth was dose- and time-dependently decreased with an IC50 of ~10 and 4 mM at 24 and 72 h.Western Blot Analysis Cell Line:HeLa cells, Neuro2A cells or primary mouse hepatocytes Concentration:10 mM (HeLa); 0, 2, and 5 mM (Neuro2A); 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 mM (hepatocytes)Incubation Time:10 mM (HeLa); 0, 2, and 5 mM (Neuro2A); 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 Mm (hepatocytes)Result:Increased the form of acetylated histone 3. Reduced PARP, induced cleavage PARP, and downregulated Bcl-2. Increased β-catenin levels. Increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.Cell Cycle Analysis Cell Line:HeLa cells Concentration:0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 mM Incubation Time:24 h Result:Induced a G1 phase arrest at 1–3 mM, significantly induced a G2/M phase arrest at 10 mM, and increased the percentage of sub-G1 cells in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h.

Valproic acid (VPA) (500 mg/kg; i.p.; daily for 12 days) inhibits tumor angiogenesis in mice transplanted with Kasumi-1 cells.Valproic acid (350 mg/kg; i.p.; once) enhances social behavior in rats.Valproic acid (0.26% (w/v); p.o. via drinking water; 14 days) decreases liver mass, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum glucose in obese mice without hepatotoxicity. Animal Model:Female BALB/c nude mice, Kasumi-1 tumor model Dosage:500 mg/kg Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, daily for 12 days Result:Inhibited tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis.Inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and bFGF.Inhibited HDAC activity and increased acetylation of histone H3.Enhanced the accumulation of hyperacetylated histone H3 on VEGF promoters.Animal Model:Timed-pregnant Long Evans rats Dosage:350 mg/kg Administration:Intraperitoneal injection, once Result:Demonstrated more social investigation and play fighting than control animals.Animal Model:Obese phenotype of ob/ob mice Dosage:0.26% (w/v) Administration:Oral via drinking water, 14 days Result:Revealed a marked reduction in the accumulation of fats in the liver as compared with the untreated mice, significantly decreased liver mass to body mass, decreased serum triglyceride concentrations, and did not induce hepatotoxicity.

VPA | 2-Propylpentanoic Acid

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage

HDAC

GABA| Sodium Channel| HDACs

Neurological Disease

Migraine

99-66-1

144.2114

C8H16O2

>98% (HPLC)

10 mM in H2O

CCCC(CCC)C(O)=O

Pentanoic acid, 2-propyl-

(-20℃)

With Ice Pack

≥ 2 years